ABSTRACT
Background: Native to West Africa, Cola nitida is a tropical tree of about 8-12 in height that grows in lowland rainforest. This plant is best known in Africa for its seeds, used in phytotherapy but for their socio-cultural importance. Aims/Objective: This study investigated the antioxidant activity of condensed tannins of Cola nitida seeds by carrying out two antioxidant tests (DPPH and FRAP). Methods: From a hydro-ethanolic extract of Cola nitida seeds, two samples were made. One treated with casein (EC) and another one without treatment (EWC). The researsh of condensed tannins were carried out by precipitation with Stiasny reagent. The total polyphenol and tannin contents were evaluated by the Folin-Denis method and the antioxidant power by DPPH and FRAP tests. Results: Extract without treatment (EWC) showed more antioxidant activity than the extract treated with casein (EC). Thus, the IC50 of EWC which contains condensed tannins was 5.54±0.005 µg/ml, while that of EC (without condensed tannins) reached 61.92±0.165 µg/ml. Conclusion: Cola nitida seeds are rich in condensed tannins that play an important role in the antioxidant activity.
ABSTRACT
The reproduction of Neochelon falcipinnis was studied in the Marine Protected Area (MPA) of Niamone-Kalounayes located in the Casamance estuary (Senegal) from July 2021 to June 2022. The results of this study are presented after twelve (12) months of experimental seine fishing. Reproductive parameters such as length-weight relationship, condition factor (K), sex ratio (SR), gonadosomatic index (GSI) and size at first maturity (Lm50) were determined. A total of 386 individuals (150 males, 221 females and 15 of undetermined sex) were sampled. The sex ratio was in favour of females (0.68 or 1:1.47). The length-weight relationship showed a minor allometric growth with allometric coefficient b values of 2.70 for both sexes combined, 2.60 for males and 2.79 for females. The ANOVA test showed no significant difference in condition factor in males (P > 0.05). In contrast, in females, there was a significant difference at the beginning of the cold season (P < 0.05). The monthly change in gonadosomatic index associated with the different stages of sexual maturity indicated a breeding period in the dry season (May, June and July). Peaks of sexual maturity are observed in June for both sexes. Sizes at first sexual maturity were 18 cm for males and 19 cm for females. These results, obtained provide information on the reproduction of Neochelon falcipinnis that can help in decision-making for better management of the resource.
ABSTRACT
Annona senegalensis Pers. (ANNONACEAE) is a plant which is used in african traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. This study aimed to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of total ethereal leaf extract fractions of A. senegalensis. Compounds of methanolic fractions of ethereal leaf extract of A. senegalensis were separated by gel sephadex chromatography, in five fractions (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5). Experiments were performed in acetic acid-induced contortions in mice, carrageenan rat paw edema and phospholipase A2 inhibitory test. The methanolic fraction of total ethereal leaf extract (10 mg/kg, per os) significantly prevented the carrageenan inflammatory edema. The variation of edema is 22.31±3.35 %, 49.66±13.50 %, 52.10±10.02 % respectively at T1h, T3h and T5h. The increased edema after oral administration of F4 fraction administered at 300 µg/kg and 1 mg/kg per os is respectively 52.77±7.36 % and 33.81±6.94 %. The variation of edema in betamethasone group (1 mg/kg, per os) is 23.46±3.99 %. F4 fraction at 300 µg/kg, significantly inhibited 16.39 % of phospholipase A2 enzyme activity. F4 fraction (300 µg/kg, per os) also significantly prevented acetic acid-induced pain in mice. The number of abdominal contortions is 21 versus 72 in control group. F4 fraction compounds have a powerful analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity that involves phospholipase A2 inhibition, comparable to betamethasone profile on pain and inflammation.
ABSTRACT
Introduction : Jusqu'ici; aucune etude dans notre pays n'avait porte specifiquement sur les goitres nodulaires toxiques. Elles n'ont ete citees que dans des etudes generales des hyperthyroidies. Methodes : Il s'agit d'une etude retrospective de 62cas de goitres nodulaires toxiques colliges entre 1979 et 1999 a la clinique medicale 2 du CHU de Dakar. Le diagnostic de nodule toxique a ete retenu sur les criteres suivants : la coexistence d'un ou plusieurs nodules thyroidiens et de signes de thyrotoxicose; l'existence d'un nodule hyperfixiant a la scintigraphie thyroidienne a l'iode 131; l'elevation des hormones thyroidiennes T3 et/ou T4. Nous nous sommes interesses aux aspects epidemiologiques; cliniques; aux complications et aux aspects therapeutiques et evolutifs. Resultats : Il s'agissait de 49 nodules uniques (79;03) et de 13 goitres multi nodulaires (20;97). Dans les cas de nodules uniques; l'age moyen etait de 40 ans; le sexe ratio de 0;04 (47 femmes; 2 hommes). Le nodule etait cliniquement decelable dans 47 cas (95;9) et extinctif dans73;5; La cardiothyreose existait dans 34;6des cas. En cas de goitre multi nodulaire; l'age moyen etait de 45ans; le sexe feminin dans tous les cas. Le goitre etait cliniquement decelable chez 12 patients (95;3). La cardiothyreose existait dans 46;15des cas. 62des patients ont ete perdus de vue en cours de traitement d'equilibration de l'hyperthyroidie. Sur les 37adresses en chirurgie; seuls deux ont ete revus apres thyroidectomie. Conclusion : Cette etude confirme la predominance du goitre nodulaire toxique chez la femme jeune; sa gravite par la frequence de la cardiothyreose et souligne les difficultes liees a la prise en charge therapeutique